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7	7	**//Importantly, the "Openness Index" is not designed to assess the openness of any artifact, e.g. an object, software, OER, etc. claimed to be open—there are plenty of licenses that can be used to assess the openness of an object—but rather an the organization or community that creates and manages these artifacts.//**
8	8
9		-== Traditional Maturity Model Definition- ==
	9	+== Open Maturity Model: ==
10	10
11		-There are five levels defined along the continuum of a maturity model:
12		-a. Initial (chaotic, ad hoc, individual heroics) - the starting point for use of a new or undocumented repeat process.
13		-b. Repeatable - the process is at least documented sufficiently such that repeating the same steps may be attempted.
14		-C. Defined - the process is defined/confirmed as a standard business process, decomposed to levels 0, 1, and 2 (the latter being Work Instructions).
15		-d. Managed - the process is quantitatively managed in accordance with agreed-upon metrics.
16		-e. Optimized - process management includes deliberate process optimization/improvement.
	11	+[[Martin Fowler>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Fowler]] offers, "A maturity model is a tool that helps people assess the current effectiveness of a group, and supports figuring out what capabilities they need to acquire next in order to improve their performance" ([[martinfowler.com>>url:https://martinfowler.com/bliki/MaturityModel.html]]). [[Richard Caralli >>url:https://resources.sei.cmu.edu/library/author.cfm?authorID=4829]]et. al. of Carnegie Mellon University's [[Software Engineering Institute>>url:https://www.sei.cmu.edu/]], defines maturity models more formally, "In its simplest form, a maturity model is a set of characteristics, attributes, indicators, or patterns that represent progression and achievement in a particular domain or discipline" ([[Maturity Models 101>>url:https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=15&ved=0ahUKEwjZ3LqqmPjVAhUF5YMKHe_GBaUQFghtMA4&url=https%3A%2F%2Fresources.sei.cmu.edu%2Fasset_files%2FWhitePaper%2F2012_019_001_58920.pdf&usg=AFQjCNGaUlEgtJ7kaLFXkNZyOiEYepZ6VA]]).
17	17
18		-== "Opening" the Maturity Model Definition: ==
	13	+Building on this definition, the Openness Index attempts to assess an organization's current capabilities for developing open resources, and a road-map for continuous improvement in their particular discipline (e.g. open source software). The higher the maturity, the higher the probability that incidents or errors will lead to improvements (and greater discipline across the organization), either in the quality of the artifacts or processes employed to develop those artifacts.
19	19
20		-Using the above as a framework, the following can be applied to access the maturity of an open project:
	15	+A popular example, the "[[Capability Maturity Model>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration]]," describes a five-level evolutionary path of increasingly organized and systematically more mature processes. The Openness Index uses the same framework to access the maturity of an open project along a continuum from "initial" to "optimized".
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22	22	1. Initial/ Aware : (chaotic, ad hoc, individual heroics) - the starting point for use of a new or undocumented open project.
23	23	1. Repeatable - openness is at least documented sufficiently such that repeating the same steps toward openness may be attempted.
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25	25	1. Managed - openness is quantitatively managed in accordance with agreed-upon metrics (those of the OMM)
26	26	1. Optimizing - openness management includes deliberate principle/process/practice optimization/improvement.
27	27
	23	+== Causality ==
	24	+
	25	+Causality (also referred to as causation,[1] or cause and effect) is the natural or worldly agency or efficacy that connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.\\
	26	+
28	28	= Openness Values =
29	29
30	30	== Courage ==
31	31
32		-(Courage is a //sufficient cause// of Participation)
	31	+'Courage is a //sufficient cause// for 'Participation'
33	33
34	34	Courage is sufficient to participate in openness, however participants may be motivated by other causes, such as: a condition of employment; direction from a supervisor; peer pressure; or, a hidden agenda—perhaps to influence (or sabotage) direction.
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84	84
85	85	== Participation ==
86	86
87		-(Participation is a //necessary cause// for Honesty to emerge)
	86	+'Participation' is a //necessary cause// for 'Honesty' to emerge.
88	88
89	89	Participation is necessary in order to be honest. While there is no guarantee of honesty among those who participate, one must participate in order to be honest.
90	90
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139	139	and the process. For example, decisions for procurement of goods and investments in initiatives.
140	140	{{/box}}
141	141
142		-Honesty: Honesty requires sincerity, directness and specificity, where actions and statements are free from bias or dogma and motivated to
	141	+== Honesty ==
	142	+
	143	+'Honesty' is necessary and sufficient cause for 'Maturity'
	144	+
	145	+Honesty requires sincerity, directness and specificity, where actions and statements are free from bias or dogma and motivated to
143	143	achieve the goals and objectives of the initiative. Reflection (assessment) of one's ideas and self can only be genuine if one is honest.
144	144	Individual: Participants engage directly (i.e. straightforwardly), truthfully and authentically with the organization.Initial:
145	145	Repeatable: