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23	23	== Causality ==
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25		-Causality (also referred to as causation,[1] or cause and effect) is the natural or worldly agency or efficacy that connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.\\
	25	+[[Causality>>url:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality]] (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is the natural or worldly agency or efficacy that connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.
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	27	+The Openness Index includes the application of causality, that is, conditions for maturing organizations. These include:
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	29	+* Necessary & sufficient cause: antecedent condition that is wholly and solely capable of producing an effect. If and only if, x is a necessary cause of y, then the presence of y necessarily implies the presence of x. The presence of x, however, does not imply that y will occur. For example, we might say that gender is a cause of necessary cause of pregnancy in that you must be female in order to become pregnant. It is not a sufficient cause, however, since you can be female without being pregnant.
	30	+* Sufficient cause: If x is a sufficient cause of y, then the presence of x necessarily implies the presence of y.
	31	+* Necessary cause: If x is a necessary cause of y, then the presence of x alone does not imply the presence of y.
	32	+* Contributory cause: If x is a contributory cause of y, then the existence of x contributed to the existence of y but alone does not imply the presence of y. Another cause, perhaps z, could have contributed to y. The presence of x, however, does not imply that y will occur.
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27	27	= Openness Values =
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29	29	== Courage ==