Constraints on the FLOW of Expression

Preparatory reading:

Scope and Limitations of Copyright / Droit d'auteur

• How is Copyright Relevant to Source Data and Source Code? http://timreview.ca/article/121
  • Includes: Moral Rights
    — Moral Rights http://www.law-faqs.org/wiki/index.php/Copyright/Types_of_Copyright#Moral_Rights
    — Copyright Law in Diverse Countries http://copyright-watch.org/
    — NAFTA: A Note on Moral Rights http://www.pro.rcip-chin.gc.ca/propriete_intellectuelle-intellectual_property/droit_alena-law_nafta/droits_moraux-moral-eng.jsp
    — Moral Rights and OSS http://www.law.washington.edu/lta/swp/law/moralrights.html
  • Includes: Translations (and Porting of Source Code)
    — Translations and Copyright http://www.cjam.info/index.php/en/legal-informations/copyright/168-translations-and-copyright
  • Excludes: Functionality and Language
    — The functionality of a computer program and the programming language cannot be protected by copyright http://curia.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2012-05/cp120053en.pdf
  • Excludes: Factual Data and its Structure (eg. the GIS data and database tables of a geospatial solution)
    — Canada: TeleDirect Inc. v. American Business Information Inc. http://www.canlii.org/en/ca/fca/doc/1997/1997canlii6378/1997canlii6378.html
    — US: Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. Inc. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=499&invol=340
• Copyright Title, Joint Title, and Assignment
  • Desktop Summit Panel on Copyright Assignment http://dot.kde.org/2011/07/31/desktop-summit-panel-copyright-assignment
  • Why the FSF gets copyright assignments from contributors http://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-assign.html
    —  Court Decision Shows Why Copyright Assignments Should Be Precisely Worded http://www.infolawgroup.com/2013/01/articles/copyright/copyright-assignment-language/
  • Joint Ownership of Copyrights (US, 1960) www.copyright.gov/history/studies/study12.pdf
• Chronology of Canadian Copyright Law http://www.digital-copyright.ca/chronology

☏ Audio File (pending): Listen to a Discussion with  an Invited Authority on the Composite International Legal Environment Governing Copyrights, Patents and Contracts (Part 2)

• Catharina Maracke is a German qualified lawyer and Associate Professor at the Graduate School for Media and Governance, Shonan Fujisawa Campus, Keio University, Japan. She specializes in international copyright law and policy, the interaction between law and technology, and standardization in the field of free/libre/open licensing. For the Shuttleworth Foundation she now leads Project Harmony that develops and maintains international porting of standardized templates for the management of copyright title in free/libre/open project contributor agreements. Previously as international Director at Creative Commons, she oversaw international porting of Creative Commons licenses. She also serves as a board member for the OpenCourseWare Consortium. http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/people/cmaracke

Concepts, definitions, boundary of application, incl. copyright assignment issues and solutions (Canada, US, other)

• What is Software? How Do We Obtain It? And What Do We Have Once We Have It? (pgs 2, 4; Section 4.1 on pg 9) http://www.projectmanagementhotel.com/attachments/5973/What_is_Software_4nov09aPDF.pdf
• The GPL Is a License, not a Contract http://lwn.net/Articles/61292/
• The Significant of "Covenant" vs "Condition" http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/5
• Can Public Sector Procurements Favour Offers that Provide Free Software and Implement Open Standards? http://www.ifosslr.org/ifosslr/article/view/38

• "Managing copyright information within a free software project" http://softwarefreedom.org/resources/2012/ManagingCopyrightInformation.html

• Capitalization of Software Development Costs: A Survey of Accounting Practices in the Software Industry (Introduction pg 2 and Summary pg 18) https://smartech.gatech.edu/bitstream/handle/1853/15598/FAL_ga_tech_software_dev_2006.pdf?sequence=1

• Copyright Infringement Litigation with Some Asides on Software Copyright Litigation (Section II "How", p 3-10; Section V "Special Considerations relating to Infringement of Computer Program Copyrights", p 18-20) http://www.fenwick.com/FenwickDocuments/Copyright_Infringement_Litigation.pdf

Real World Copyright Court Cases (what went wrong; reasons for decision)

•  Case: Oracle v. Google
  • Brief for Amicus Curiae Ralph Oman Supporting the Position of Plaintiff - Appelant and Urging Reversal (Ralph Oman is a former Register of Copyrights of the United States) http://www.scribd.com/doc/127031197/Ralph-Oman-s-Amicus-Curiae-Brief-in-Oracle-v-Google
    http://www.scribd.com/doc/127031197/Ralph-Oman-s-Amicus-Curiae-Brief-in-Oracle-v-Google
  • Oracle Files Appeal Brief in Oracle v. Google http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20130213000119924
  • Google Files Appeal Brief and Cross Appeal in Oracle v. Google http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20130528214954679
    — APIs may be copyrightable in the US (decision coming soon) http://www.fosspatents.com/2014/01/api-copyrightability-to-be-confirmed.html
    — APIs not copyrightable in Europe http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20120502083035371

•  Case: SCO v. evidence
  • The Uneasy Case Against Copyright Trolls (Read the Abstract) http://www.stanford.edu/dept/law/ipsc/Paper%20PDF/Balganesh,%20Shyam%20-%20Paper.pdf
  • SCO was the 'best thing that ever happened' to Linux http://www.zdnet.com/sco-was-the-best-thing-that-ever-happened-to-linux-3039190780/
    — SCO Litigation - From Soup to Nuts http://www.groklaw.net/staticpages/index.php?page=20080803065719599
    — SCO v. IBM: The Short Version http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20050303221002163

• Additional Issues and Cases:
  • "The Copyright Pentalogy: How the Supreme Court of Canada Shook the Foundations of Canadian Copyright Law" http://www.press.uottawa.ca/the-copyright-pentalogy
  • Technological Neutrality as a New Copyright Principle in Canadian Law
    — Entertainment Software Association of Canada v. SOCAN http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/9994/index.do
    — Beyond Users' Rights: Supreme Court Entrenches Technological Neutrality as a New Copyright Principle http://www.michaelgeist.ca/content/view/6592/125/
  • User Rights
    — CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada http://scc.lexum.org/decisia-scc-csc/scc-csc/scc-csc/en/item/2125/index.do
    — Healing Fair Dealing? A Comparative Copyright Analysis of Canada’s Fair Dealing to U.K. Fair Dealing and U.S. Fair Use http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID1023938_code109516.pdf?abstractid=1014404&mirid=1

☏ Audio File (pending): Listen to a Discussion with  an Invited Authority on Canada's Current and Future Copyright Framework for Free/Libre/Open Source Software Communities

• Michael Geist is a law professor, and the Canada Research Chair in Internet and E-commerce Law, at the University of Ottawa. He holds a Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree from Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto, Master of Laws (LL.M.) degrees from Cambridge University in the UK and Columbia Law School in New York, and a Doctorate in Law (J.S.D.) from Columbia Law School. Dr. Geist is the editor of "The Copyright Pentalogy: How the Supreme Court of Canada Shook the Foundations of Canadian Copyright Law" (2013); From "Radical Extremism" to "Balanced Copyright": Canadian Copyright and the Digital Agenda (2010) and In the Public Interest:  The Future of Canadian Copyright Law (2005). He also serves as editor of several monthly technology law publications. Dr. Geist serves on many boards, including the CANARIE Board of Directors, the Canadian Legal Information Institute Board of Directors, the Privacy Commissioner of Canada’s Expert Advisory Board, the Electronic Frontier Foundation Advisory Board, and the Information Program Sub-Board of the Open Society Institute. http://www.michaelgeist.ca/content/view/62/128/

Copyright Risk-Minimization and Value-Maximization in the Organization's Context

• Current Practices
• Concerns and Challenges
• Interests and Opportunities